Advancing Open Science
for more than 25 years
Supporting academic communities
since 1996
 
9 pages, 740 KiB  
Article
Development of an Environmental DNA Assay for Prohibited Matter Weed Amazon Frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum)
by Xiaocheng Zhu, Karen L. Bell, Hanwen Wu and David Gopurenko
Environments 2024, 11(4), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments11040066 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is widely used for detecting target species, including monitoring endangered species and detecting the presence of invasive species. Detecting targeted species using the eDNA approach is typically carried out with species-specific qPCR assays. Amazon frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) is [...] Read more.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is widely used for detecting target species, including monitoring endangered species and detecting the presence of invasive species. Detecting targeted species using the eDNA approach is typically carried out with species-specific qPCR assays. Amazon frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum) is classified as a State-Prohibited Matter Weed in NSW, Australia. It is a fast-growing perennial aquatic weed that outcompetes native aquatic plants, leading to a reduction in the habitats of aquatic animals. Early detection is crucial for the effective management of this species. In this study, we developed a qPCR assay for L. laevigatum based on the rpoB gene sequence. This assay was validated against 25 non-target aquatic and terrestrial species. It was found to be species-specific, with the positive signal exclusively detected in L. laevigatum. The assay was highly sensitive with the modelled detection limits of 3.66 copies of DNA/µL. Furthermore, our assay was validated using environmental samples collected from field sites with and without the presence of L. laevigatum. Our assay is an effective tool for targeted eDNA detection of L. laevigatum, which will enhance efforts to monitor and control this invasive aquatic weed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Risk Assessment of Aquatic Ecosystem)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
13 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
Changes in Novel Biomarkers for Protein Oxidation in Pork Patties under Different Cooking Methods
by Chuanyu Guo, Shouyin Wang, Xiaolei Jia, Jinfeng Pan, Xiuping Dong and Shengjie Li
Foods 2024, 13(7), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071034 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different biomarkers to identify the levels of protein oxidation in pork patties induced by assorted cooking methods. To achieve this purpose, pork patties prepared from longissimus dorsi were cooked using three methods [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different biomarkers to identify the levels of protein oxidation in pork patties induced by assorted cooking methods. To achieve this purpose, pork patties prepared from longissimus dorsi were cooked using three methods (frying, steaming, and roasting) at different internal temperatures (60, 70, 80, and 90 °C). Traditional biomarkers including total carbonyl and total thiol and novel biomarkers including α-aminoadipic semialdehyde (AAS) and lysinonorleucine (LNL) were determined. Results demonstrated that total thiol and AAS were the most successful biomarkers in distinguishing the three cooking methods in relation to protein oxidation, with AAS being the most sensitive. Moreover, as indicated by the biomarkers of total thiol and AAS, frying caused the highest level of protein oxidation, while steaming resulted in the lowest level when pork patties were cooked to the internal temperatures of 70 or 80 °C. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 1917 KiB  
Article
An Effective Two-Stage Algorithm for the Bid Generation Problem in the Transportation Service Market
by Shiying Liu, Fang Yang, Tailin Liu and Mengli Li
Mathematics 2024, 12(7), 1007; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12071007 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
This study designs a two-stage algorithm to address the bid generation problem of carriers when adding new vehicle routes in the presence of the existing vehicle routes to provide transportation service. To obtain the best auction combination and bid price of the carrier, [...] Read more.
This study designs a two-stage algorithm to address the bid generation problem of carriers when adding new vehicle routes in the presence of the existing vehicle routes to provide transportation service. To obtain the best auction combination and bid price of the carrier, a hybrid integer nonlinear programming model is introduced. According to the characteristics of the problem, a set of two-stage hybrid algorithms is proposed, innovatively integrating block coding within a genetic algorithm framework with a depth-first search approach. This integration effectively manages routing constraints, enhancing the algorithm’s efficiency. The block coding and each route serve as decision variables in the set partition formula, enabling a comprehensive exploration of potential solutions. After a simulation-based analysis, the algorithm has been comprehensively validated analytically and empirically. The improvement of this research lies in the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, i.e., the ability to handle a broader range of problem scales with less time in addressing complex operator bid generation in combinatorial auctions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Engineering Mathematics)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
24 pages, 689 KiB  
Article
The Innovative Entrepreneurial Marketing Journey and Sustainable Development of Southeast Asian Immigrants
by Yu-Heng Chen
Sustainability 2024, 16(7), 2815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072815 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The southeast Asian new immigrants face significant barriers in employment due to language and cultural differences, making it challenging for them to find jobs. Consequently, many southeast Asian immigrants have turned to entrepreneurship as a means to achieve economic independence and contribute to [...] Read more.
The southeast Asian new immigrants face significant barriers in employment due to language and cultural differences, making it challenging for them to find jobs. Consequently, many southeast Asian immigrants have turned to entrepreneurship as a means to achieve economic independence and contribute to their family’s income. This study adopts entrepreneurial marketing (EM) as a theoretical lens and utilizes a process research methodology, based on sequentially ordered events, to explore the entrepreneurial journey of immigrant micro and small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Employing purposive sampling, twenty-two southeast Asian immigrant entrepreneurs were selected for in-depth interviews to ensure data quality through multiple data collection methods. The research developed a dynamic adjustment model and management mechanisms for the entrepreneurial marketing of immigrant micro and SMEs. These findings not only bridge theoretical gaps in immigrant entrepreneurship strategy but also deepen the academic understanding of the dynamism in entrepreneurial marketing. Practically, the outcomes assist immigrant micro and small business entrepreneurs in developing operational strategies and serve as a reference for governmental units in crafting immigrant policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Innovation in SMEs)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">
17 pages, 6440 KiB  
Article
Pulse Feature-Enhanced Classification of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Using Polarized Light Scattering and Fluorescence Signals
by Ran Bi, Jianxiong Yang, Chengqi Huang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ran Liao and Hui Ma
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040160 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a global threat to the biodiversity and stability of local aquatic ecosystems. Rapid and accurate classification of microalgae and cyanobacteria in water is increasingly desired for monitoring complex water environments. In this paper, we propose a pulse feature-enhanced [...] Read more.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a global threat to the biodiversity and stability of local aquatic ecosystems. Rapid and accurate classification of microalgae and cyanobacteria in water is increasingly desired for monitoring complex water environments. In this paper, we propose a pulse feature-enhanced classification (PFEC) method as a potential solution. Equipped with a rapid measurement prototype that simultaneously detects polarized light scattering and fluorescence signals of individual particles, PFEC allows for the extraction of 38 pulse features to improve the classification accuracy of microalgae, cyanobacteria, and other suspended particulate matter (SPM) to 89.03%. Compared with microscopic observation, PFEC reveals three phyla proportions in aquaculture samples with an average error of less than 14%. In this paper, PFEC is found to be more accurate than the pulse-average classification method, which is interpreted as pulse features carrying more detailed information about particles. The high consistency of the dominant and common species between PFEC and microscopy in all field samples also demonstrates the flexibility and robustness of the former. Moreover, the high Pearson correlation coefficient accounting for 0.958 between the cyanobacterial proportion obtained by PFEC and the cyanobacterial density given by microscopy implies that PFEC serves as a promising early warning tool for cyanobacterial blooms. The results of this work suggest that PFEC holds great potential for the rapid and accurate classification of microalgae and cyanobacteria in aquatic environment monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biosensors in Environmental Monitoring)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
17 pages, 6682 KiB  
Article
Soft Sensor Modeling Method Considering Higher-Order Moments of Prediction Residuals
by Fangyuan Ma, Cheng Ji, Jingde Wang, Wei Sun and Ahmet Palazoglu
Processes 2024, 12(4), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12040676 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Traditional data-driven soft sensor methods can be regarded as an optimization process to minimize the predicted error. When applying the mean squared error as the objective function, the model tends to be trained to minimize the global errors of overall data samples. However, [...] Read more.
Traditional data-driven soft sensor methods can be regarded as an optimization process to minimize the predicted error. When applying the mean squared error as the objective function, the model tends to be trained to minimize the global errors of overall data samples. However, there are deviations in data from practical operation, in which the model performance in the estimation of the local variations in the target parameter worsens. This work presents a solution to this challenge by considering higher-order moments of prediction residuals, which enables the evaluation of deviations of the residual distribution from the normal distribution. By embedding constraints on the distribution of residuals into the objective function, the model tends to converge to the state where both stationary and deviation data can be accurately predicted. Data from the Tennessee Eastman process and an industrial cracking furnace are considered to validate the performance of the proposed modeling method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Systems Engineering for Complex Industrial Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
9 pages, 224 KiB  
Article
Cost of Hospitalization Associated with Inpatient Goals-of-Care Program Implementation at a Comprehensive Cancer Center: A Propensity Score Analysis
by David Hui, Yu-Ting Huang, Clark Andersen, Brian Cassel, Nico Nortje, Marina George and Eduardo Bruera
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1316; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071316 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The impact of goals-of-care programs on acute hospitalization costs is unclear. We compared the hospitalization cost in an 8-month period before implementation of a multimodal interdisciplinary goals-of-care program (1 May 2019 to 31 December 2019) to an 8-month period after program implementation (1 [...] Read more.
The impact of goals-of-care programs on acute hospitalization costs is unclear. We compared the hospitalization cost in an 8-month period before implementation of a multimodal interdisciplinary goals-of-care program (1 May 2019 to 31 December 2019) to an 8-month period after program implementation (1 May 2020 to 31 December 2020). Propensity score weighting was used to adjust for differences in potential covariates. The primary outcome was total direct cost during the hospital stay for each index hospitalization. This analysis included 6977 patients in 2019 and 5964 patients in 2020. The total direct cost decreased by 3% in 2020 but was not statistically significant (ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.92, 1.03). Under individual categories, there was a significant decrease in medical oncology (ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.50, 0.68) and pharmacy costs (ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.79, 0.96), and an increase in room and board (ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.01, 1.10). In subgroup analysis, ICU patients had a significant reduction in total direct cost after program implementation (ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.72, 0.94). After accounting for the length of ICU admission, we found that the total direct cost per hospital day was no longer different between 2019 and 2020 (ratio 0.986, 95% CI 0.92, 1.05), suggesting that shorter ICU admissions likely explained much of the observed cost savings. This study provides real-world data on how “in-the-moment” GOC conversations may contribute to reduced hospitalization costs among ICU patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Survivorship and Quality of Life)
14 pages, 1227 KiB  
Article
Wasted Potential: Decoding the Trifecta of Donor Kidney Shortage, Underutilization, and Rising Discard Rates
by Ceilidh McKenney, Julia Torabi, Rachel Todd, M. Zeeshan Akhtar, Fasika M. Tedla, Ron Shapiro, Sander S. Florman, Matthew L. Holzner and L. Leonie van Leeuwen
Transplantology 2024, 5(2), 51-64; https://doi.org/10.3390/transplantology5020006 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a life-saving intervention for end-stage renal disease; yet, the persistent gap between organ demand and supply remains a significant challenge. This paper explores the escalating discard rates of deceased donor kidneys in the United States to assess trends, discard reasons, [...] Read more.
Kidney transplantation is a life-saving intervention for end-stage renal disease; yet, the persistent gap between organ demand and supply remains a significant challenge. This paper explores the escalating discard rates of deceased donor kidneys in the United States to assess trends, discard reasons, demographical differences, and preservation techniques. Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients from 2010 to 2021 was analyzed using chi-squared tests for trend significance and logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for kidney discard. Over the last decade, discard rates have risen to 25% in 2021. Most discarded kidneys came from extended criteria donor (ECD) donors and elevated kidney donor profile index (KDPI) scores. Kidney biopsy status was a significant factor and predictor of discard. Discard rates varied greatly between Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network regions. Of reasons for discard, “no recipient located” reached a high of 60%. Additionally, there has been a twofold increase in hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) since 2010, with transportation difficulties being the main reason for the discard of perfused kidneys. Our findings suggest a need to recalibrate organ utilization strategies, optimize the use of lower-quality kidneys through advanced preservation methods, and address the evolving landscape of organ allocation policies to reduce kidney discard rates. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
10 pages, 644 KiB  
Article
Late Preterm Newborns: Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices
by Ieva Dijokien?, Raminta ?emaitien? and Dalia Stonien?
Children 2024, 11(4), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040401 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with successful breastfeeding in late preterm infants (LPIs) and explore the initiation of complementary feeding; Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted of infants born at 34+0 to 36+6 weeks gestational [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with successful breastfeeding in late preterm infants (LPIs) and explore the initiation of complementary feeding; Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted of infants born at 34+0 to 36+6 weeks gestational age in the Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics during 2020–2021. Families were followed up until the infants reached 12 months of age. Average breastfeeding initial time, average breastfeeding duration time, prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and average solid-food feeding initiation time were examined. The correlations among factors that might affect breastfeeding rates were calculated using the chi-square test (p < 0.05); Results: In our study with 222 eligible participants, we observed a statistically significant delay in breastfeeding initiation only in the 34+0+6 gestational age group (p < 0.001). At discharge, the 36+0+6 group exhibited a significantly higher exclusive breastfeeding rate (p < 0.001). Over the first year, breastfeeding rates varied, with no correlation found between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and gestational age. Initial solid-food feeding times were similar across groups, and all infants were introduced to vegetables first; Conclusions: Vaginal delivery, skin-to-skin contact after birth, early rooming-in, and breastfeeding within 2 h after birth statistically significantly causes earlier breastfeeding initiation and longer duration of breastfeeding in LPIs. All infants began solid-food feeding at an average age of 5 months, with vegetables being the primary food choice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infant and Early Childhood Nutrition)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
11 pages, 1385 KiB  
Review
Successful Needle Aspiration of a Traumatic Pneumothorax: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Giuseppe Bettoni, Silvia Gheda, Michele Altomare, Stefano Piero Bernardo Cioffi, Davide Ferrazzi, Michela Cazzaniga, Luca Bonacchini, Stefania Cimbanassi and Paolo Aseni
Medicina 2024, 60(4), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040548 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Traumatic pneumothorax (PTX) occurs in up to 50% of patients with severe polytrauma and chest injuries. Patients with a traumatic PTX with clinical signs of tension physiology and hemodynamic instability are typically treated with an urgent decompressive thoracostomy, tube thoracostomy, or needle decompression. [...] Read more.
Traumatic pneumothorax (PTX) occurs in up to 50% of patients with severe polytrauma and chest injuries. Patients with a traumatic PTX with clinical signs of tension physiology and hemodynamic instability are typically treated with an urgent decompressive thoracostomy, tube thoracostomy, or needle decompression. There is recent evidence that non-breathless patients with a hemodynamically stable traumatic PTX can be managed conservatively through observation or a percutaneous pigtail catheter. We present here a 52-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with a 55 mm traumatic PTX. Following aspiration of 1500 mL of air, a clinical improvement was immediately observed, allowing the patient to be discharged shortly thereafter. In hemodynamically stable patients with a post-traumatic PTX, without specific risk factors or oxygen desaturation, observation or simple needle aspiration can be a reasonable approach. Although the recent medical literature supports conservative management of small traumatic PTXs, guidelines are lacking for hemodynamically stable patients with a significantly large PTX. This case report documents our successful experience with needle aspiration in such a setting of large traumatic PTX. We aimed in this article to review the available literature on needle aspiration and conservative treatment of traumatic pneumothorax. A total of 12 studies were selected out of 190 articles on traumatic PTX where conservative treatment and chest tube decompression were compared. Our case report offers a novel contribution by illustrating the successful resolution of a sizable pneumothorax through needle aspiration, suggesting that even a large PTX in a hemodynamically stable patient, without other risk conditions, can be successfully treated conservatively with simple needle aspiration in order to avoid tube thoracostomy complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Emergency Medicine)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 265 KiB  
Review
A Comparison of Currently Approved Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Medications to Alternative Treatments by Costs, Indications, and Medicaid Coverage
by Inder Sehgal, Kevin Eells and Imani Hudson
Pharmacy 2024, 12(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12020058 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based medications offer the ability to target previously undruggable targets and have now received FDA approval in five instances for orphan or uncommon diseases. The current siRNA “-sirans” are directed towards hepatic molecular targets. Because they are not conventional drug [...] Read more.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based medications offer the ability to target previously undruggable targets and have now received FDA approval in five instances for orphan or uncommon diseases. The current siRNA “-sirans” are directed towards hepatic molecular targets. Because they are not conventional drug formulae, their ultimate clinical success will require overcoming multiple barriers beyond their pharmacology. The minimal patient numbers leave fewer patients to bear the costs of R&D and manufacture; therefore, the cost of these drugs, questionable third-party reimbursement, and competition from other drug classes for the same low number of patients are impediments to patient access. The parenteral route of administration, as well as emerging safety restrictions, are also drawbacks to siRNA. With this review, we document currently approved siRNA drugs by condition, approval date, administration route and frequencies. We have estimated the available patient populations for siran therapies using the U.S. Medicaid and Medicare populations and sought to identify the frequency with which large Medicaid formularies list siRNA drugs. Current comparative costs between the siRNA drugs and alternatives have been presented, and the review summarizes current adverse events as reported to the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System. Our review and data indicate that sirans are extremely expensive and seldom recognized in posted Medicaid formularies. However, alternative treatments for these conditions are no less costly, usually do not have significantly different adverse events, and are often less convenient for the patient. Full article
13 pages, 789 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Different Maturation Conditions of Cocoa Beans on the Chemical Profile of Craft Chocolates
by Ana Carolina do Carmo Mazzinghy, Viviane Dias Medeiros Silva, Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos, Carla Patrícia de Oliveira, Gabriel Barbosa de Oliveira, Rodinei Augusti, Raquel Linhares Bello de Araújo and Júlio Onésio Ferreira Melo
Foods 2024, 13(7), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071031 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) can be used for craft chocolate production, which arouses consumer interest due to their perceived better quality. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile of 80% artisanal chocolate samples produced with cocoa beans subjected to different [...] Read more.
Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) can be used for craft chocolate production, which arouses consumer interest due to their perceived better quality. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile of 80% artisanal chocolate samples produced with cocoa beans subjected to different maturation conditions. In the first maturation process, beans were matured under no-oxygen conditions, and in the second, the toasted beans were matured in oak barrels. The volatile compounds of the chocolate samples were extracted by the solid-phase microextraction method in headspace mode and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The non-volatile compounds were extracted with methanol and analyzed through paper spray mass spectrometry. Overall, 35 volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes (acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and pyrazines) were identified, such as propanoic acid and butane-2,3-diol. In addition, 37 non-volatile compounds, such as procyanidin A pentoside and soyasaponin B, were listed. Tannins, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids were the main chemical classes observed, varying between the two samples analyzed. Therefore, it was possible to verify that maturation conditions affected the metabolomic profile of the 80% artisanal chocolate samples, being able to influence the sensory characteristics and bioactive compounds profile. Given these results, the sensory evaluation of these chocolates is suggested as the next step. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">
21 pages, 10974 KiB  
Article
Numerical Evaluation on Thermal Performance of 3D Printed Concrete Walls: The Effects of Lattice Type, Filament Width and Granular Filling Material
by Kunda Chamatete and ?a?lar Yal??nkaya
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040926 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is of great interest to scientists and the construction industry to bring automation to structural engineering applications. However, studies on the thermal performance of three-dimensional printed concrete (3DPC) building envelopes are limited, despite their potential to provide a long-term [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is of great interest to scientists and the construction industry to bring automation to structural engineering applications. However, studies on the thermal performance of three-dimensional printed concrete (3DPC) building envelopes are limited, despite their potential to provide a long-term solution to modern construction challenges. This work is a numerical study to examine the impact of infill geometry on 3DPC lattice envelope thermal performance. Three different lattice structures were modeled to have the same thickness and nearly equal contour lengths, voids, and insulation percentages. Additionally, the effects of filament width and the application of granular insulating materials (expanded polystyrene beads and loose-fill perlite) were also studied. Finally, the efficacy of insulation was established. Results show that void area affects the thermal performance of 3DPC envelopes under stagnant air conditions, while web length, filament width, and contact (intersection) area between the webs and face shells affect the thermal behavior when cavities are filled with insulating materials due to thermal bridging. The thermal efficiency of insulation, which shows the effective use of insulation, varies between 26 and 44%, due to thermal bridges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Concrete Materials)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
16 pages, 275 KiB  
Review
Long COVID: Long-Term Impact of SARS-CoV2
by Huda Makhluf, Henry Madany and Kenneth Kim
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070711 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Four years post-pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to affect many lives across the globe. An estimated 65 million people suffer from long COVID, a term used to encapsulate the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections that affect multiple organ systems. Known symptoms include chronic fatigue syndrome, [...] Read more.
Four years post-pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to affect many lives across the globe. An estimated 65 million people suffer from long COVID, a term used to encapsulate the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections that affect multiple organ systems. Known symptoms include chronic fatigue syndrome, brain fog, cardiovascular issues, autoimmunity, dysautonomia, and clotting due to inflammation. Herein, we review long COVID symptoms, the proposed theories behind the pathology, diagnostics, treatments, and the clinical trials underway to explore treatments for viral persistence, autonomic and cognitive dysfunctions, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Full article
10 pages, 644 KiB  
Article
Detection and Classification of Hysteroscopic Images Using Deep Learning
by Diego Raimondo, Antonio Raffone, Paolo Salucci, Ivano Raimondo, Giampiero Capobianco, Federico Andrea Galatolo, Mario Giovanni Cosimo Antonio Cimino, Antonio Travaglino, Manuela Maletta, Stefano Ferla, Agnese Virgilio, Daniele Neola, Paolo Casadio and Renato Seracchioli
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071315 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Background: Although hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of endometrial pathology, the gynecologist experience is crucial for a correct diagnosis. Deep learning (DL), as an artificial intelligence method, might help to overcome this limitation. Unfortunately, only preliminary findings [...] Read more.
Background: Although hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of endometrial pathology, the gynecologist experience is crucial for a correct diagnosis. Deep learning (DL), as an artificial intelligence method, might help to overcome this limitation. Unfortunately, only preliminary findings are available, with the absence of studies evaluating the performance of DL models in identifying intrauterine lesions and the possible aid related to the inclusion of clinical factors in the model. Aim: To develop a DL model as an automated tool for detecting and classifying endometrial pathologies from hysteroscopic images. Methods: A monocentric observational retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing clinical records, electronic databases, and stored videos of hysteroscopies from consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed intrauterine lesions at our Center from January 2021 to May 2021. Retrieved hysteroscopic images were used to build a DL model for the classification and identification of intracavitary uterine lesions with or without the aid of clinical factors. Study outcomes were DL model diagnostic metrics in the classification and identification of intracavitary uterine lesions with and without the aid of clinical factors. Results: We reviewed 1500 images from 266 patients: 186 patients had benign focal lesions, 25 benign diffuse lesions, and 55 preneoplastic/neoplastic lesions. For both the classification and identification tasks, the best performance was achieved with the aid of clinical factors, with an overall precision of 80.11%, recall of 80.11%, specificity of 90.06%, F1 score of 80.11%, and accuracy of 86.74 for the classification task, and overall detection of 85.82%, precision of 93.12%, recall of 91.63%, and an F1 score of 92.37% for the identification task. Conclusion: Our DL model achieved a low diagnostic performance in the detection and classification of intracavitary uterine lesions from hysteroscopic images. Although the best diagnostic performance was obtained with the aid of clinical data, such an improvement was slight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oncological Imaging)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
14 pages, 3011 KiB  
Article
A Self-Powered Lactate Sensor Based on the Piezoelectric Effect for Assessing Tumor Development
by Jiayan Lin, Pengcheng Yuan, Rui Lin, Xinyu Xue, Meihua Chen and Lili Xing
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2161; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072161 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The build-up of lactate in solid tumors stands as a crucial and early occurrence in malignancy development, and the concentration of lactate in the tumor microenvironment may be a more sensitive indicator for analyzing primary tumors. In this study, we designed a self-powered [...] Read more.
The build-up of lactate in solid tumors stands as a crucial and early occurrence in malignancy development, and the concentration of lactate in the tumor microenvironment may be a more sensitive indicator for analyzing primary tumors. In this study, we designed a self-powered lactate sensor for the rapid analysis of tumor samples, utilizing the coupling between the piezoelectric effect and enzymatic reaction. This lactate sensor is fabricated using a ZnO nanowire array modified with lactate oxidase (LOx). The sensing process does not require an external power source or batteries. The device can directly output electric signals containing lactate concentration information when subjected to external forces. The lactate concentration detection upper limit of the sensor is at least 27 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 1.3 mM and a response time of around 10 s. This study innovatively applied self-powered technology to the in situ detection of the tumor microenvironment and used the results to estimate the growth period of the primary tumor. The availability of this application has been confirmed through biological experiments. Furthermore, the sensor data generated by the device offer valuable insights for evaluating the likelihood of remote tumor metastasis. This study may expand the research scope of self-powered technology in the field of medical diagnosis and offer a novel perspective on cancer diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Sensors Based on Nanotechnology and Their Application)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
19 pages, 7118 KiB  
Article
A Method for Identifying Gross Errors in Dam Monitoring Data
by Liqiu Chen, Chongshi Gu, Sen Zheng and Yanbo Wang
Water 2024, 16(7), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16070978 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Real and effective monitoring data are crucial in assessing the structural safety of dams. Gross errors, resulting from manual mismeasurement, instrument failure, or other factors, can significantly impact the evaluation process. It is imperative to eliminate such anomalous data. However, existing methods for [...] Read more.
Real and effective monitoring data are crucial in assessing the structural safety of dams. Gross errors, resulting from manual mismeasurement, instrument failure, or other factors, can significantly impact the evaluation process. It is imperative to eliminate such anomalous data. However, existing methods for detecting gross errors in concrete dam deformation often focus on analyzing a single monitoring effect quantity. This can lead to sudden jumps in values of effect quantity caused by changes in environmental variables being mistakenly identified as gross error. Therefore, a method based on Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm (FCM) partitioning and density clustering algorithm (Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure, OPTICS) combined with Local Outlier Factor (LOF) algorithm for gross error identification is proposed. Firstly, the FCM algorithm is used to achieve the division of measurement point areas. Then, the OPTICS and LOF algorithms are jointly utilized to determine the gross errors. Finally, the real gross errors are identified by comparing the time of occurrence of the gross errors at measurement points in the same area. Through the case study, the results indicate that the method can effectively identify spurious, gross errors in the monitoring effect quantity caused by environmental mutations. The accuracy of gross error detection is significantly improved, and the rate of misjudgment of gross errors is reduced. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
15 pages, 2426 KiB  
Article
Mapping Street Patterns with Network Science and Supervised Machine Learning
by Cai Wu, Yanwen Wang, Jiong Wang, Menno-Jan Kraak and Mingshu Wang
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2024, 13(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040114 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
This study introduces a machine learning-based framework for mapping street patterns in urban morphology, offering an objective, scalable approach that transcends traditional methodologies. Focusing on six diverse cities, the research employed supervised machine learning to classify street networks into gridiron, organic, hybrid, and [...] Read more.
This study introduces a machine learning-based framework for mapping street patterns in urban morphology, offering an objective, scalable approach that transcends traditional methodologies. Focusing on six diverse cities, the research employed supervised machine learning to classify street networks into gridiron, organic, hybrid, and cul-de-sac patterns with the street-based local area (SLA) as the unit of analysis. Utilising quantitative street metrics and GIS, the study analysed the urban form through the random forest method, which reveals the predictive features of urban patterns and enables a deeper understanding of the spatial structures of cities. The findings showed distinctive spatial structures, such as ring formations and urban cores, indicating stages of urban development and socioeconomic narratives. It also showed that the unit of analysis has a major impact on the identification and study of street patterns. Concluding that machine learning is a critical tool in urban morphology, the research suggests that future studies should expand this framework to include more cities and urban elements. This would enhance the predictive modelling of urban growth and inform sustainable, human-centric urban planning. The implications of this study are significant for policymakers and urban planners seeking to harness data-driven insights for the development of cities. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
15 pages, 3284 KiB  
Article
First Detection and Circulation of RHDV2 in New Zealand
by Robyn N. Hall, Katherine Trought, Tanja Strive, Janine A. Duckworth and Maria Jenckel
Viruses 2024, 16(4), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040519 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Rabbit haemorrhage disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a highly pathogenic lagovirus that causes lethal disease in rabbits and hares (lagomorphs). Since its first detection in Europe in 2010, RHDV2 has spread worldwide and has been detected in over 35 countries so far. Here, [...] Read more.
Rabbit haemorrhage disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a highly pathogenic lagovirus that causes lethal disease in rabbits and hares (lagomorphs). Since its first detection in Europe in 2010, RHDV2 has spread worldwide and has been detected in over 35 countries so far. Here, we provide the first detailed report of the detection and subsequent circulation of RHDV2 in New Zealand. RHDV2 was first detected in New Zealand in 2018, with positive samples retrospectively identified in December 2017. Subsequent time-resolved phylogenetic analysis suggested a single introduction into the North Island between March and November 2016. Genetic analysis identified a GI.3P-GI.2 variant supporting a non-Australian origin for the incursion; however, more accurate identification of the source of the incursion remains challenging due to the wide global distribution of the GI.3P-GI.2 variant. Furthermore, our analysis suggests the spread of the virus between the North and South Islands of New Zealand at least twice, dated to mid-2017 and around 2018. Further phylogenetic analysis also revealed a strong phylogeographic pattern. So far, no recombination events with endemic benign New Zealand rabbit caliciviruses have been identified. This study highlights the need for further research and surveillance to monitor the distribution and diversity of lagoviruses in New Zealand and to detect incursions of novel variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rabbit Viral Diseases)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
12 pages, 882 KiB  
Review
Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Detrusor Overactivity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Narrative Review
by Vaia Sapouna, Athanasios Zikopoulos, Sofia Thanopoulou, Dimitrios Zachariou, Ioannis Giannakis, Aris Kaltsas, Bou Sopheap, Nikolaos Sofikitis and Athanasios Zachariou
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(4), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14040355 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction, particularly neurogenic detrusor overactivity (DO), poses a substantial challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, detrimentally impacting their quality of life (QoL). Conventional therapies often fall short, necessitating alternative approaches like posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for effective management. This narrative review [...] Read more.
Bladder dysfunction, particularly neurogenic detrusor overactivity (DO), poses a substantial challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, detrimentally impacting their quality of life (QoL). Conventional therapies often fall short, necessitating alternative approaches like posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for effective management. This narrative review critically examines the application of PTNS in treating DO among MS patients, aiming to provide a comprehensive synthesis of its efficacy, underlying mechanisms, and clinical outcomes. By evaluating a spectrum of studies, including randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up research, the review elucidates PTNS’s role in enhancing bladder control and ameliorating symptoms of urgency and incontinence, thereby improving patient well-being. Despite its potential, the review acknowledges the limited scope of existing research specific to MS-induced neurogenic DO and calls for further investigation to optimize PTNS protocols and understand its long-term benefits. Highlighting PTNS’s minimal invasiveness and favorable safety profile, the review advocates for its consideration as a viable third-line treatment option in MS-related bladder dysfunction management. Through this analysis, the review contributes to the broader narrative of seeking effective, patient-centered therapeutic strategies for MS-related complications, underscoring the importance of personalized care in improving patient outcomes. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">
18 pages, 647 KiB  
Review
Classification of Green Practices Implemented in Ports: The Application of Green Technologies, Tools, and Strategies
by Konstantia Karagkouni and Maria Boile
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(4), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040571 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
This study reviews and categorises ports’ green initiatives to reduce their polluting emissions and improve their overall environmental performance. These categories facilitate comparisons between different practices and allow the identification of common trends and challenges. Through a systematic review that combines both academic [...] Read more.
This study reviews and categorises ports’ green initiatives to reduce their polluting emissions and improve their overall environmental performance. These categories facilitate comparisons between different practices and allow the identification of common trends and challenges. Through a systematic review that combines both academic and industry sources, green port practices including strategies, tools, infrastructures, and initiatives were identified. This methodology enhances the credibility and reliability of the findings by thoroughly reviewing the available literature and data. Overall, 380 records of green practices explored by ports and port-related stakeholders worldwide have been reviewed. The practices’ main elements, characteristics, implementation challenges, and indicative environmental outcomes are highlighted. The results show that the most commonly discussed green solutions are driven mainly by the regulation requirements and ports’ own interest to develop environmentally friendly operations, while at the same time remaining competitive in terms of sustainability in the port industry. Consequently, the most widely explored solutions include (i) Shore Side Electricity–Onshore Power Supply, (ii) alternative fuels, (iii) circular economy, and (iv) waste management. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 5758 KiB  
Article
Glass Beads Test with True Triaxial Stress Path Achieved by Conventional Triaxial Apparatus
by Xuefeng Li, Jiahui Ma and Longlong Lv
Fractal Fract. 2024, 8(4), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040193 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
The impact of fabric anisotropy, fractal dimension, and breakage on the strength and deformation of granular materials were diminished by uniform-size spherical glass beads. Triaxial drained and undrained tests were performed on glass beads based on a novel method to substitute true triaxial [...] Read more.
The impact of fabric anisotropy, fractal dimension, and breakage on the strength and deformation of granular materials were diminished by uniform-size spherical glass beads. Triaxial drained and undrained tests were performed on glass beads based on a novel method to substitute true triaxial stress paths with conventional triaxial apparatus equivalents with varying intermediate principal stress coefficients (b-values). The result indicates that all specimens manifested a noticeable strain-softening phenomenon. The peak strength decreased with increasing b-value, and the specimens showed more pronounced dilatancy. This pattern is similar to the results of the true triaxial test in current research. Compared to the undrained test, the peak friction angle in the drained test displayed a greater variation with varying b-values, which indicated that the mechanical response of glass beads is sensitive to water. This difference provides experimental evidence for comprehending effective stress in granular materials with constant friction coefficients. The experiments reflect the effect of b-value changes on the p-q stress path, as well as on the peak stress ratio, the state transition stress ratio, and the critical state stress ratio. The specimens exhibited a distinct shear band at different b-values ranging from 0.2 to 0.6, which is different from observations in conventional triaxial tests for granular materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractal Mechanics of Engineering Materials)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">
14 pages, 11225 KiB  
Technical Note
3-D Changes of Tropospheric O3 in Central and Eastern China Induced by Tropical Cyclones over the Northwest Pacific: Recent-Year Characterization with Multi-Source Observations
by Yongcheng Jiang, Tianliang Zhao, Kai Meng, Xugeng Cheng and Qiaoyi Lv
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(7), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071178 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Abstract
In this study, the multi-year data of meteorology and O3 from remote sensing and ground observations are applied to characterize the 3-D changes of O3 in the troposphere over central and eastern China (CEC) induced by the tropical cyclones (TCs) in [...] Read more.
In this study, the multi-year data of meteorology and O3 from remote sensing and ground observations are applied to characterize the 3-D changes of O3 in the troposphere over central and eastern China (CEC) induced by the tropical cyclones (TCs) in the tropical and subtropical ocean regions over Northwest Pacific. The CEC-regional average of near-surface O3 levels is significantly elevated with 6.0 ppb in the large coverage by the TCs in the subtropical ocean, while the TCs in the tropical ocean alter near-surface O3 weakly, indicating the latitudinal-located TCs in the subtropical offshore ocean could largely influence the O3 variations over CEC. The sub-seasonal change with the positive and negative anomalies of near-surface O3 is induced by the tropical TCs from June to July and from August to October. The peripheral circulation of TCs in the subtropical offshore ocean persistently enhances the O3 concentrations over CEC during the season of East Asian summer monsoons. The positive O3 anomalies maintain from the entire troposphere to the lower stratosphere over CEC in the peripheries of subtropical TCs, while the tropical TCs cause the positive O3 anomalies merely in the lower troposphere. The O3 transport and accumulation, photochemical production and stratospheric intrusion are climatologically confirmed as the major meteorological mechanisms of TCs affecting the O3 variations. This study reveals that the downward transport of stratospheric O3 of TCs in the subtropical ocean exerts a large impact on the atmospheric environment over CEC, while the regional O3 transport and photochemical productions dominate the lower troposphere over CEC with less impact of stratospheric intrusion from the TCs in the tropical ocean region. These results present the climatology of tropospheric O3 anomalies in China induced by the TCs over the Northwest Pacific with enhancing our comprehension of the meteorological impact on O3 variations over the East Asian monsoon region. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">Full article ">

Open Access Journals

Browse by Indexing Browse by Subject Selected Journals
Back to TopTop
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news
news